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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates
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Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

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Atomic-layer Rashba-type superconductor protected by dynamic spin-momentum locking.

Shunsuke Yoshizawa1, Takahiro Kobayashi2, Yoshitaka Nakata3

  • 1Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. YOSHIZAWA.Shunsuke@nims.go.jp.

Nature Communications
|March 6, 2021
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Spin-momentum locking in atomic-layer superconductors protects superconductivity against strong magnetic fields. Dynamic spin-momentum locking suppresses Cooper pair-breaking, enhancing the critical magnetic field beyond the Pauli limit.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Spin-momentum locking, arising from spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in materials lacking inversion symmetry, influences electronic properties.
  • While Zeeman-type SOC's impact on superconductivity is known, Rashba-type SOC's role remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of spin-momentum locking, specifically Rashba-type SOC, in surface-based atomic-layer superconductors.
  • To understand the mechanisms protecting superconductivity in the presence of strong magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ electron transport measurements on crystalline atomic-layer superconductors.
  • Quantitative analysis of superconducting properties, including the upper critical magnetic field.
  • Demonstration of Rashba-type SOC and its effect on spin-momentum locking.

Main Results:

  • Anomalous enhancement of the in-plane upper critical magnetic field, reaching approximately three times the Pauli limit at absolute zero.
  • Evidence for the presence of Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling in the studied superconductors.
  • Identification of dynamic spin-momentum locking as a key mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic spin-momentum locking significantly suppresses the Cooper pair-breaking parameter, protecting superconductivity.
  • This mechanism explains the enhanced resilience of superconductivity against high magnetic fields and exchange interactions.
  • The findings offer new insights into preserving superconductivity under extreme conditions.