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Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

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Brain function in children with obstructive sleep apnea: a resting-state fMRI study.

Tingting Ji¹, Xiaodan Li¹, Jun Chen²

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.

|March 6, 2021

Summary

Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show altered brain activity in specific regions, potentially explaining their cognitive impairments. This study highlights neural differences linked to cognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA.

Keywords:

children cognitive function obstructive sleep apnea resting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pediatric Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children and linked to cognitive deficits.
The underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neural differences between children with OSA and healthy controls using resting-state fMRI.
To explore the relationship between these neural differences and cognitive function in children with OSA.

Main Methods:

Recruited 20 children with OSA and 29 healthy controls, matched for age, gender, and handedness.
Utilized resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to assess amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo).
Performed Pearson correlation analysis between rs-fMRI metrics and cognitive scores in children with OSA.

Main Results:

Children with OSA exhibited decreased ALFF in the left angular gyrus and increased ALFF in the right insula compared to controls.
Reduced ReHo was observed in the left medial superior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and left precuneus in children with OSA.
ReHo in the right lingual gyrus correlated negatively with full-scale IQ (FIQ) and verbal IQ (VIQ), while ReHo in the left medial superior frontal gyrus correlated positively with VIQ in the OSA group.

Conclusions:

Children with OSA demonstrate abnormal neural activity in key brain regions.
These neural abnormalities are potentially associated with impaired cognitive functions.
Altered brain activity may serve as a neural mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA.