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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Coronavirus Infections of Animals: Future Risks to Humans.

I M Donnik1, Ig V Popov2,3, S V Sereda2

  • 1Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences
|March 8, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronaviruses can evolve rapidly, leading to new zoonotic infections. This study examines coronavirus patterns and bioveterinary controls, including probiotics, to prevent future pandemics like COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses demonstrate significant evolutionary potential, evidenced by three major human outbreaks.
  • Human activities can increase interactions between animal species and viruses, potentially leading to novel zoonotic pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze patterns of new zoonotic coronavirus infections.
  • To evaluate the role of bioveterinary control in preventing future coronavirus outbreaks.
  • To consider SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) in companion animals and explore probiotic use for viral control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on coronavirus outbreaks.
  • Analysis of human-animal interaction patterns.
  • Literature review on bioveterinary control strategies and probiotics.

Main Results:

  • Identified patterns in the emergence of zoonotic coronaviruses.
  • Highlighted the critical role of bioveterinary interventions in outbreak prevention.
  • Discussed the potential for companion animal involvement in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Bioveterinary control is essential for mitigating risks associated with zoonotic coronaviruses.
  • Probiotics show promise as a tool for managing viral infections in animals.
  • Understanding human-animal interfaces is key to preventing future pandemics.