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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods

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Published on: September 10, 2016

Postbiotics: what are they?

M L Chikindas^1,2, L S Sichel³, I V Popov⁴

¹Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, 242612Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Beneficial Microbes

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Defining postbiotics remains challenging due to inconsistent terminology and a lack of standardization. Harmonizing definitions is crucial for advancing research and development in this field.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biotechnology
Nutritional Science

Background:

The definition of postbiotics lacks international consensus.
Inconsistent terminology and lack of standardization hinder research.
Unclear boundaries exist between postbiotics and related concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive analysis of existing postbiotic definitions.
To integrate manufacturing processes, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications into a cohesive framework.
To advocate for harmonized terminology in the field of postbiotics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing postbiotic definitions.
Analysis of expert opinions and scientific group recommendations.
Synthesis of information regarding manufacturing, mechanisms, and applications.

Main Results:

Identified significant terminological inconsistency among various organizations.
Highlighted the need for standardization in postbiotic research.
Emphasized the lack of clear differentiation from prebiotics and probiotics.

Conclusions:

A universally accepted definition for postbiotics is currently lacking.
Harmonization of terminology is essential for future research and industry development.
Standardized definitions will ensure comparability and facilitate progress in postbiotic science.