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Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
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Active colloids orbiting giant vesicles.

Vaibhav Sharma1, Elise Azar1, Andre P Schroder1

  • 1Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22-University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France. stocco@unistra.fr.

Soft Matter
|March 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Active colloids exhibit unique orbital motion around lipid vesicles. This interaction, involving force and torque transfer, offers insights into biological and environmental particle dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Self-propelled colloidal particles exhibit complex dynamics when interacting with other entities.
  • These active colloids have potential applications in cargo transport and micro-robotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the interaction between isolated active colloids and giant unilamellar lipid vesicles at the single-particle level.
  • To characterize the dynamics, force, and torque transfer during this interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle tracking microscopy.
  • Utilized isolated active colloids and giant unilamellar lipid vesicles.
  • Analyzed persistent orbital motion and force/torque transfer.

Main Results:

  • Observed persistent orbital motion of active colloids around lipid vesicles.
  • This motion was independent of particle and vesicle size.
  • Characterized force and torque transfers between the active particle and the vesicle.

Conclusions:

  • The observed dynamics differ significantly from interactions with solid spheres or liquid drops.
  • Findings are relevant for understanding swimming particles interacting with biological cells or environmental microplastics.