Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Thyroid Dysfunction and Thyroid Cancer in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Prevalence, Surveillance and Management
Chantal A Lebbink1,2, Steven G Waguespack3, Hanneke M van Santen4,5
1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk of developing thyroid disorders during follow-up. Radiation therapy to a field that includes the thyroid gland and 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) treatment are the main risk factors for thyroid sequelae, which include decreased thyroid function, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and differentiated thyroid cancer, specifically papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, treatment with anti-neoplastic drugs or immunotherapy may result in thyroid dysfunction. Central hypothyroidism may be seen in CCS after cranial radiotherapy, after immunotherapy, or secondary to a brain tumor that involves the hypothalamic-pituitary region and will be discussed elsewhere in this series. In this chapter, the prevalence, risk factors, surveillance, and management of primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma in CCS are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Cancer Survival Analysis
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
The Thyroid Gland
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Treatment Resistant Cancers

