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    Multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) show high focusing efficiency above 95% in infrared bands for Earth observation instruments. These MLDOEs also exhibit excellent chromatic behavior, proving their potential for dual-band imaging and IR achromatization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) are crucial for advanced optical systems.
    • Existing MLDOE simulations often use ray-tracing with binary diffractive layers.
    • Space instruments for Earth observation require efficient infrared (IR) optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the infrared (IR) behavior of multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs).
    • To evaluate the imaging potential of MLDOEs for dual-band applications and IR achromatization.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling the phase effect of MLDOEs on paraxial plane waves using exact kinoform shapes.
    • Utilizing thin element approximation for optical path difference calculations.
    • Propagating the optical field using the angular spectrum of plane waves method.
    • Determining the best focus plane via the Strehl ratio.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved focalization efficiency above 95% for the working order in mid- and long-wave IR bands.
    • Demonstrated very low energy content in non-working diffraction orders.
    • Confirmed that MLDOEs possess similar chromatic behavior to standard diffractive optical elements (DOEs).

    Conclusions:

    • MLDOEs exhibit strong imaging potential for dual-band applications due to high efficiency and low stray light.
    • MLDOEs are effective components for infrared achromatization.
    • The study validates advanced simulation methods for MLDOEs beyond traditional ray-tracing.