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Physiological Determinants of Ultramarathon Trail-Running Performance
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|March 10, 2021
Summary
Physiological factors like cardiovascular health and aerobic fitness predict 50-km trail running success. However, for longer ultramarathons (80-160 km), these traditional running performance determinants become less significant.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Human Performance
Background:
- Physiological determinants of ultramarathon success are understudied.
- Performance predictors may vary with increasing race distance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate performance predictors in athletes completing 50-, 80-, or 160-km trail races.
- To identify physiological factors influencing ultramarathon performance across different distances.
Main Methods:
- Assessed running history, aerobic fitness, running economy, body mass loss, hematocrit, age, and cardiovascular health.
- Related these measures to race-day performance, defined as percentage difference from the winning time.
Main Results:
- For 50-km races, training volume, cardiovascular health, aerobic fitness, and body mass loss predicted performance.
- Peak velocity during maximal oxygen uptake tests and baseline blood pressure were key predictors for the 50-km race.
- Peak velocity during maximal oxygen uptake tests predicted performance in the 80-km race.
- No significant physiological determinants were found for the 160-km race.
Conclusions:
- Classic running performance determinants like cardiovascular health and fitness predict success in shorter ultramarathons (50-km).
- Performance in longer ultramarathons (80-160 km) is less influenced by these traditional physiological parameters.
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