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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Interleukin-22 Influences the Th1/Th17 Axis.

Hannes Lindahl1, Tomas Olsson1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) influences T cell responses, impacting T helper cell polarization and cytokine secretion. This cytokine

Keywords:
animal modelsinfectious diseaseinflammatory diseaseinterferon gammainterleukin 17 (IL-17)interleukin 22 (IL-22)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine secreted by immune cells.
  • It signals through the IL-22 receptor on non-immune cells, influencing tissue homeostasis and innate immunity.
  • The IL-22 system is implicated in T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, yet its effects on adaptive immunity are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on IL-22's downstream effects on T cells.
  • To explore direct and indirect mechanisms of IL-22 signaling impacting T cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental data.
  • Analysis of studies investigating IL-22's influence on T helper cell polarization and cytokine profiles.

Main Results:

  • IL-22 exerts context-dependent effects on T helper cell polarization.
  • Observed reduction in Th1 responses and promotion of regulatory T cells in many instances.
  • IL-22 influences T cell cytokine secretion, impacting adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • IL-22 has a significant, previously underappreciated role in modulating adaptive immune responses, particularly T cell polarization.
  • Further research into IL-22 signaling in T cells is crucial for understanding and treating inflammatory diseases.