Open Science, Open Data, and Open Scholarship: European Policies to Make Science Fit for the Twenty-First Century

Area of Science:

• Scientific policy and research management.
• Inclusion of artificial intelligence in scientific practices.

Background:

• Open science aims to improve scientific efficiency, reliability, and societal impact.
• The European Commission has developed a comprehensive open science policy.
• The policy integrates all stages of the research cycle, from discovery to outreach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the European Commission's approach to advancing open science policy.
• To identify future challenges and necessary systemic changes in research incentives.
• To explore the integration of artificial intelligence within an open science framework.

Main Methods:

• Review of European Commission's open science policy initiatives.
• Analysis of the research cycle and its components.
• Forward-looking perspective on policy implementation and challenges.
• Discussion on the role of artificial intelligence in open science.

Main Results:

• The European Commission has adopted a holistic and integrated approach to open science.
• Key challenges include reforming researcher reward and incentive systems.
• Artificial intelligence presents opportunities within the open science paradigm.

Conclusions:

• Open science is crucial for efficient, reliable, and societally relevant research.
• Reforming researcher incentives is a critical, albeit complex, future step.
• Integrating artificial intelligence is a key aspect of future open science development.