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Updated: Nov 14, 2025

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Wiring subcortical image-forming centers: Topography, laminar targeting, and map alignment.

Kristy O Johnson1, Jason W Triplett2

  • 1Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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Subcortical Foundations of Binocular Vision: Circuits and Computation from Retina to Cortex and Back.

Annual review of vision science·2026
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Extracellular spike waveform analysis reveals cell type-specific changes in the superior colliculus of fragile X mice.

Open biology·2026
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Connectivity, Computation, and Plasticity of the Early Visual System.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
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Extracellular spike waveform analysis reveals cell type-specific changes in the superior colliculus of fragile X mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
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Postsynaptic NMDA Receptor Expression Is Required for Visual Corticocollicular Projection Refinement in the Mouse Superior Colliculus.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2023

This chapter reviews how molecular cues, neuronal activity, and axon competition wire retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections to brain targets like the superior colliculus (SC). It details how RGC subclasses target specific layers in the SC and optic tectum (OT).

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Visual System Research

Background:

  • Efficient sensory processing is crucial for survival, relying on highly organized neural circuits.
  • The retina's projections to image-forming brain centers are key models for understanding neural wiring.
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form topographically ordered projections essential for visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms guiding the development of RGC projections to the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN).
  • To discuss the laminar-specific targeting of RGC subclasses within the SC and optic tectum (OT).
  • To cover recent findings on the alignment of visual cortex projections with RGCs in the SC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on molecular cues, neuronal activity, and axon-axon competition.
Keywords:
Retinal ganglion cellRetinocollicularRetinogeniculateVision

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  • Analysis of studies on RGC projection targeting in the SC and dLGN.
  • Examination of research on visual cortex and RGC projection alignment in the SC.

    • Main Results:

    • Molecular cues, neuronal activity, and axon competition are critical for topographically ordered RGC projections.
    • Specific RGC subclasses exhibit precise laminar targeting within the SC and OT.
    • Projections from the primary visual cortex align with RGCs representing the same visual space in the SC.

    Conclusions:

    • The development of visual circuits involves complex interactions between molecular guidance, neural activity, and competitive processes.
    • Understanding RGC targeting mechanisms provides insights into visual system organization and function.
    • Alignment of visual cortex and RGC projections ensures coherent spatial representation in the brain.