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Related Concept Videos

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Epithelial cell dysfunction in coeliac disease.

Celia Escudero-Hernández1

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

In coeliac disease, gluten damages intestinal epithelial cells, causing dysfunction and increased permeability. This breakdown exacerbates inflammation, highlighting the need for therapies beyond a gluten-free diet to heal the gut lining.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsGluten-free dietGut barrierIntestinal epithelial cellIntestinal permeabilityIntestinal stem cellMethylationMicrobiotaOrganoidWnt signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and immunology
  • Intestinal epithelial biology

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium is crucial for gut homeostasis, but its barrier function is compromised in coeliac disease.
  • Villous atrophy and epithelial damage are key features of coeliac disease pathology.
  • Both immune responses and direct gluten effects contribute to epithelial disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of intestinal epithelial cell disturbances in coeliac disease during gluten exposure.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which gluten impacts epithelial cells and barrier function.
  • To contextualize the need for therapies targeting epithelial healing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on coeliac disease pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular changes in the intestinal epithelium.
  • Examination of signaling pathways affected by gluten exposure.

Main Results:

  • Gluten directly affects intestinal epithelial cells, leading to constitutional changes.
  • Disrupted signaling pathways result in immature epithelial cells, dysfunction, and increased permeability.
  • Epithelial damage creates a feedback loop, enhancing gluten-specific immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal epithelial disturbances are central to coeliac disease pathogenesis.
  • Gluten's direct effects on epithelial cells are significant contributors to disease progression.
  • Therapies aimed at reinforcing intestinal epithelial healing are a promising avenue for coeliac disease management.