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Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
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Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Narcolepsy01:07

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 13, 2025

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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Limbic hypoconnectivity in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder with impulse control disorders.

Ana Marques1,2, Daniel Roquet3, Elie Matar4

  • 1Brain and Mind Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Forefront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Sydney, Australia. ana-raquel.marques@sydney.edu.au.

Journal of Neurology
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) shows altered reward system connectivity, linked to hypersexuality and potential future impulse control disorders (ICDs). This neuroimaging study highlights early brain changes preceding Parkinson's disease (PD).

Keywords:
Impulse control disordersMRIParkinson’s diseaseREM sleep behaviour disorderReward system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) shares neuroimaging alterations with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • The role of reward system changes in iRBD and their link to impulse control disorders (ICDs) remain unexplored.
  • Investigating reward system connectivity in iRBD is crucial for understanding early neurodegenerative pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare reward system volumetric and functional connectivity in iRBD patients versus healthy controls (HC) and PD patients.
  • To examine the relationship between reward system characteristics and psychobehavioral profiles, including ICDs.
  • To identify potential neurobiological markers for early detection and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Structural and functional resting-state MRI scans were acquired for 20 iRBD patients, 17 PD patients, and 14 HC.
  • Participants completed questionnaires for impulsive-compulsive behaviors (QUIP, UPPS-P) and neuropsychological tests.
  • Voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses were performed on the reward system.

Main Results:

  • iRBD patients exhibited higher rates of hypersexuality compared to HC and PD.
  • No significant differences in grey matter volume were found across groups.
  • iRBD patients showed functional hypoconnectivity between the limbic striatum and temporo-occipital regions compared to HC.
  • ICDs in iRBD correlated with hypoconnectivity between the limbic striatum and posterior cortical areas (cuneus, lingual, fusiform gyrus).

Conclusions:

  • Altered functional connectivity in the limbic striatum-posterior cortex pathway is associated with hypersexuality in iRBD.
  • These findings suggest a potential predisposition to ICDs in iRBD patients, particularly upon dopaminergic treatment initiation.
  • Reward system dysregulation may represent an early marker in the progression from iRBD to PD.