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Scalable Evaluation of Quantum-Circuit Error Loss Using Clifford Sampling.

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This study introduces efficient loss functions for characterizing quantum circuits, enabling scalable optimization for quantum computing. These methods are crucial for advancing quantum device and algorithm design in the intermediate-scale quantum regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Developing high-precision quantum computing requires multiplex optimization at physical and algorithmic levels.
  • Loss functions are essential for assessing quantum circuit performance and guiding optimization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate quadratic error loss and final-state fidelity loss for characterizing quantum circuits.
  • To demonstrate efficient and scalable evaluation of these loss functions.
  • To advance quantum device and algorithm design in the intermediate-scale quantum regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quadratic error loss and final-state fidelity loss to characterize quantum circuits.
  • Investigated the Gaussian distribution of computation error to justify quadratic error loss.
  • Employed sampling from Clifford-dominated circuits for efficient and scalable loss function evaluation.
  • Numerically simulated 10-qubit noisy quantum circuits and executed 4-qubit circuits on superconducting hardware.

Main Results:

  • The distribution of computation error in quantum circuits was found to be approximately Gaussian.
  • Efficient and scalable evaluation of loss functions was achieved through sampling from Clifford-dominated circuits.
  • Demonstrated the practical application of these methods on simulated and real quantum processors.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed loss functions provide a robust framework for characterizing quantum circuits.
  • Efficient evaluation methods enable optimization-based design for quantum devices and algorithms.
  • These findings are significant for advancing quantum computing in the intermediate-scale quantum regime.