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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

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Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
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The basic immunology of asthma.

Hamida Hammad1, Bart N Lambrecht2

  • 1Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Cell
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma involves different immune responses. This review explores type 2-high and type 2-low asthma endotypes, aiding in understanding diverse immune pathways and therapeutic targets for better asthma management.

Keywords:
asthmabiologicsendotypesimmune cellslung

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic airway inflammation in asthma is often driven by T helper 2 (Th2) cells or group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s).
  • These cells produce type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which contribute to key asthma features like eosinophilia, mucus production, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR).
  • A significant portion of asthma patients, termed 'type 2-low' asthma, do not fit this profile and are often linked to obesity, neutrophils, and poor response to corticosteroids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological underpinnings of distinct asthma endotypes.
  • To synthesize findings from animal and clinical studies investigating specific immune pathways in asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing animal and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of immunological data related to asthma endotypes.

Main Results:

  • Type 2 cytokines are central to 'type 2-high' asthma, driving characteristic symptoms and IgE production.
  • 'Type 2-low' asthma presents different inflammatory profiles, often involving neutrophils and associated with obesity.
  • Understanding these endotypes is crucial as they respond differently to treatments, including corticosteroids.

Conclusions:

  • Asthma heterogeneity necessitates distinct therapeutic strategies based on endotype.
  • Further research into the immune basis of 'type 2-low' asthma is critical for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting specific immune pathways holds promise for personalized asthma management.