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Effects of widespread non-native trees on regulating ecosystem services.

Pilar Castro-Díez1, Álvaro Alonso1, Asunción Saldaña-López1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 12, 2021
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Summary

Non-native trees impact ecosystem services differently, with some enhancing climate regulation and soil fertility, while others decrease fire prevention and water availability. Context is crucial for managing these introduced species effectively.

Keywords:
Climate regulationFire riskMulti-level meta-analysisSoil erosionSoil formationWater cycle regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Forestry

Background:

  • Non-native tree species are widely planted for ecosystem services but can disrupt native ecosystems.
  • Understanding the trade-offs in ecosystem services is vital for sustainable land management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of five widespread non-native tree taxa (Acacia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Pinus, Robinia) on six regulating ecosystem services.
  • To analyze context-dependency of these effects across different environments and management practices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for pair-wise comparisons of non-native taxa vs. native vegetation.
  • Multi-level meta-analyses of 857 case studies from 107 papers.
  • Assessment of indicators for climate regulation, fire risk, soil fertility, soil formation, and water pools.

Main Results:

  • Eucalyptus often enhanced climate regulation; Acacia decreased fire risk prevention.
  • Robinia, Acacia, and Ailanthus increased soil fertility, while Eucalyptus and Pinus decreased it.
  • Robinia and Ailanthus enhanced soil formation; Acacia increased water pools, Eucalyptus decreased them.

Conclusions:

  • Non-native trees have varied and context-dependent impacts on ecosystem services.
  • Management decisions must consider these trade-offs and knowledge gaps, such as in fire risk and water regulation.
  • Future research and updates are needed as new data become available.