Association between periodontitis treatment outcomes and peri-implantitis: A long-term retrospective cohort study

Retrospectively evaluate the association of periodontal treatment outcomes and the prevalence of peri-implant diseases around tissue-level implants.

Eighty-six patients with 260 tissue-level implants attending supporting periodontal and implant therapy for more than 3 years were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic periodontal and implant data were recorded at initial examination (T0), before implant placement (T1) and at final re-examination (T2). Two definitions of peri-implantitis severity, PIBE and PIKA, were used corresponding to the presence of periodontal pocket ≥5 mm or ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing or suppuration and radiographic signs of a bone level ≥2 mm, or ≥3 mm during implant follow-up, respectively. Analyses were performed at patient level.

The mean implant follow-up per patient was 9.4 years and 38.0% of patients had implant for at least 10 years. Two implants were lost due to peri-implantitis. The prevalence of patients with PIKA and PIBE was 15.1% and 12.8%, respectively. Residual periodontal pockets, clinical attachment loss and bone loss/age at T2 were more pronounced in patients with PIKA and PIBE. Cox regression analysis adjusted with the number of implants per patient showed that residual pockets at T1 were independently associated with PIKA and PIBE. Initial diagnosis of severe periodontitis was associated with PIBE incidence.

The present study showed that periodontal conditions before implant placement are a risk indicator for peri-implantitis incidence. During implant follow-up, the severity of periodontal status appeared to be a reliable indicator of patient susceptibility to peri-implantitis.