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The oldest Devonian circumpolar ray-finned fish?

Rodrigo Tinoco Figueroa1,2, Luiz Carlos Weinschütz3, Matt Friedman1,2

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA.

Biology Letters
|March 15, 2021
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Summary

A new ray-finned fish fossil from Brazil expands the known Devonian fish fossil record. This discovery suggests exploring high-latitude regions may reveal more ancient actinopterygian diversity.

Keywords:
ActinopterygiiBrazilDevonianMalvinokaffricOsteichthyespalaeopolar

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Ichthyology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes) are the most diverse living fish group.
  • Their Devonian fossil record is sparse and mainly found at low paleolatitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new actinopterygian fossil from the Paraná Basin, Brazil.
  • To analyze its phylogenetic relationships and paleogeographic significance.

Main Methods:

  • Geological dating of the fossil's location.
  • Comparative analysis of anatomical features, particularly the mandibular symphysis.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using established methods.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a new actinopterygian from a previously high-latitude region (Paraná Basin, Brazil).
  • The fossil dates to the Middle Devonian or older.
  • Shared mandibular symphysis features with *Tegeolepis*, placing them as sister taxa.

Conclusions:

  • The new fossil expands the paleogeographic distribution of Devonian ray-finned fishes.
  • Gaps in the actinopterygian fossil record may be filled by exploring under-sampled high-latitude areas, especially in the Malvinokaffric Realm.