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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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A Stepwise Approach for Preventing Suicide by Lethal Poisoning.

Jasmine E Carpenter1, Tiffany Lee1, Elizabeth Greene1

  • 1is a Mental Health Clinical Pharmacy Specialist; is a Geriatric Clinical Pharmacy Specialist; and is a Women's Clinic Psychiatrist; all at the Washington Veterans Affairs Medical Center in the District of Columbia. is an Oncology Clinical Pharmacy Specialist at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California.

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Summary

Reducing access to lethal medications is crucial for veteran suicide prevention. Healthcare providers can limit access to high-lethality drugs for at-risk patients, aiding suicide prevention efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Suicide is a significant public health issue, with veterans experiencing higher rates than the general population.
  • The US Department of Veterans Affairs prioritizes suicide prevention, focusing on reducing access to lethal means.
  • Medication access is a key factor in suicide prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide information on medications with high lethality.
  • To outline a stepwise approach for healthcare providers to limit access to lethal medications for high-risk patients.
  • To inform suicide prevention strategies within the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Main Methods:

  • Identifying patients at high risk for suicide using validated tools.
  • Identifying pharmaceutical classes associated with the largest number of fatalities.
  • Considering potential drug-drug interactions and prescribing less lethal alternatives.
  • Implementing lethal means counseling for all high-risk patients.

Main Results:

  • Stimulants, street drugs, analgesics, cardiovascular agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and sedatives/hypnotics are associated with the largest number of fatalities.
  • Drug-drug interactions, such as opioids and sedative-hypnotics, increase risk.
  • Limiting access to less lethal medications is a viable strategy for suicide prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Intentional poisoning with medications is a common method for veteran suicide, particularly among female veterans.
  • Knowledge of high-lethality medications and restricting access can significantly reduce suicide deaths.
  • A stepwise approach to medication management is essential for veteran suicide prevention.