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Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Membrane remodeling by SARS-CoV-2 - double-enveloped viral replication.

Jagan Mohan1, Thomas Wollert1

  • 1Membrane Biochemistry and Transport, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, F-75015, Paris, France.

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|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection requires understanding viral replication. This study explores how SARS-CoV-2 proteins induce double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) crucial for viral replication.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV2autophagycoronavirusreplication

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates rapid development of antivirals and vaccines.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 replication, entry, and release is critical for therapeutic strategies.
  • Coronaviruses possess large RNA genomes encoding non-structural proteins (nsps) essential for replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental pathology of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on viral replication mechanisms.
  • To investigate the role of specific viral proteins in inducing host cell membrane alterations.
  • To provide an overview of coronavirus-induced membrane remodeling processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of coronavirus genome structure and protein expression.
  • Examination of viral replicase complex formation and function.
  • Investigating the role of nsp3 and nsp4 in double-membrane vesicle (DMV) biogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses utilize a replicase complex comprising 16 non-structural proteins (nsps).
  • Viral replication occurs within double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) containing viral double-stranded RNA.
  • Expression of nsp3 and nsp4 is sufficient to induce DMV formation in host cells, indicating their role in membrane deformation.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2-induced DMVs are critical structures for viral replication.
  • Specific viral proteins, nsp3 and nsp4, actively remodel host cell membranes to facilitate viral propagation.
  • Further research into these membrane remodeling processes can inform the development of novel antiviral therapies.