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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Non-thermal Infrared Light Treatment of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Subsequent Analysis of Macrophage Differentiation
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Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is associated with a decrease in cytokine levels in patients with necrotizing soft-tissue

Morten Hedetoft1, Peter Garred2, Martin Bruun Madsen3

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Hyperbaric Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Physiological Reports
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy may reduce inflammatory markers like IL-6 and G-CSF in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI). High baseline G-CSF levels are linked to increased mortality in NSTI patients.

Keywords:
anaerobic infectioncytokinegroup A-Streptococcushyperbaric oxygen treatmentnecrotizing soft-tissue infectionoutcomesurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hyperbaric Medicine

Background:

  • The inflammatory response in necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) and its clinical impact are not fully understood.
  • The immunomodulatory effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in NSTI treatment remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in inflammatory markers during HBO2 treatment for NSTI.
  • To assess the overall inflammatory response in the initial 3 days post-admission for NSTI.

Main Methods:

  • Measured plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and G-CSF in 242 NSTI patients.
  • Assessed disease severity using SAPS II, SOFA score, and blood lactate.
  • Analyzed inflammatory markers before/after HBO2 in 209 patients receiving treatment.

Main Results:

  • HBO2 treatment correlated with decreased IL-6 in Group A-Streptococcus NSTI and decreased G-CSF overall.
  • Patients in shock exhibited significantly higher baseline cytokine levels.
  • Elevated cytokines correlated with disease severity scores and blood lactate; high baseline G-CSF predicted increased 30-day mortality.

Conclusions:

  • HBO2 therapy may exert immunomodulatory effects in NSTI by reducing plasma G-CSF and IL-6.
  • High inflammatory marker levels are associated with NSTI severity.
  • Elevated baseline G-CSF is a predictor of increased 30-day mortality in NSTI patients.