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Related Concept Videos

Blinding01:11

Blinding

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Related Experiment Video

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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Parent Perspectives after the PRISM-P Randomized Trial: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

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The Promoting Resilience in Stress Management for Parents (PRISM-P) intervention showed initial benefits for parents of children with cancer, but these were not sustained at six months. However, parents highly valued the program and recommended it for others.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Intervention Research

Background:

  • Parental distress is high following a child's cancer diagnosis.
  • Previous research indicated one-on-one PRISM-P improved resilience and benefit finding at three months compared to usual care.
  • The "Promoting Resilience in Stress Management for Parents" (PRISM-P) is a skill-based curriculum for stress management, goal setting, cognitive reframing, and meaning-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the six-month quantitative and qualitative outcomes of the PRISM-P intervention.
  • To assess the long-term impact of one-on-one and group delivery models of PRISM-P on parental resilience, benefit finding, and psychological distress.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, phase 2, parallel, 1:1:1 randomized trial involving 94 parents of children aged 2-24 years diagnosed with cancer.
  • Participants were randomized to usual care (UC), one-on-one PRISM-P, or group PRISM-P.
  • Parent-reported outcomes (resilience, benefit finding, psychological distress) were collected at baseline, three, and six months. Directed content analyses of exit interviews were conducted.

Main Results:

  • At six months, no statistically significant differences were found in parent-reported outcomes between the intervention groups and usual care.
  • Exit interviews with 36 parents indicated PRISM-P was highly valued, with 100% recommending it.
  • Parents suggested more coaching for skill retention and endorsed a combined one-on-one and group program format.

Conclusions:

  • While the initial three-month benefits of PRISM-P were not sustained at six months, the intervention was perceived as valuable by all interviewed parents.
  • Suggestions for enhancing the program include longer follow-up, flexible formats, and skill reinforcement to strengthen and sustain resilience resources.
  • Future research should explore optimal delivery methods and reinforcement strategies for long-term parental support in pediatric cancer care.