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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

Published on: February 2, 2013

Designed improvement to T-cell immunotherapy by multidimensional single cell profiling.

Irfan N Bandey¹, Jay R T Adolacion¹, Gabrielle Romain¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

|March 16, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for blood cancers. Researchers identified CD137 as a key molecule that enhances CAR T-cell killing, improving anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models.

Keywords:

CD8-positive T-lymphocytes adoptive cell engineering immunologic techniques immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cancer Biology
Cell Therapy

Background:

Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is effective against hematologic malignancies.
The direct killing of tumor cells by CAR T cells is crucial, but factors limiting killing efficiency remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify molecular and cellular mechanisms that can enhance T-cell killing capabilities.
To improve the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Integrated high-throughput single-cell functional profiling (microscopy, robotic retrieval, transcriptional profiling).
Mathematical modeling to analyze T-cell killing heterogeneity.
Genetic modification of CAR T cells to express CD137 ligand (CD137L).

Main Results:

Non-killer CAR T cells are heterogeneous and result from failures in killing steps.
CD137 was identified as an inducible costimulatory molecule upregulated on killer CAR T cells.
Co-expression of CD137L in CAR T cells enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models of leukemia and ovarian cancer.

Conclusions:

Integrated single-cell profiling can identify mechanisms to enhance CAR T-cell function.
Targeting CD137 signaling can improve the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.