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High-efficient coupler for thin-film lithium niobate waveguide devices.

Changran Hu, An Pan, Tingan Li

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a new fiber-chip optical coupler for thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) devices. The demonstrated LNOI coupler achieves low coupling loss and polarization independence, crucial for optical communication applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Lithium niobate (LN) devices are vital for optical communication and nonlinear optics.
    • Thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) offers enhanced performance for LN-based devices.
    • High-efficiency fiber-chip optical couplers are essential for practical LNOI device integration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a highly efficient and polarization-independent edge coupler for LNOI devices.
    • To address the need for improved fiber-chip coupling in LNOI-based photonic integrated circuits.
    • To enable practical applications of LNOI technology in optical communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an edge coupler using a standard semiconductor process.

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  • Characterization of fiber-chip coupling loss with an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber (UHNAF).
  • Testing of coupling performance across a broad wavelength range and under varying optical power and temperature conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved low fiber-chip coupling loss of 0.54 dB/0.59 dB per facet for TE/TM light at 1550 nm.
    • Demonstrated coupling loss below 1 dB/facet for both TE and TM light from 1527 nm to 1630 nm.
    • Exhibited a large tolerance for optical misalignment due to a mode spot size of 3.2 μm and promising stability.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed LNOI edge coupler is highly efficient and polarization-independent.
    • The coupler's performance and stability make it suitable for practical LNOI device integration.
    • This advancement facilitates the broader adoption of LNOI technology in optical communication systems.