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High-order exceptional point based optical sensor.

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    Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems can significantly boost optical sensor sensitivity. This study provides a design guideline for high-response-order sensors, demonstrating a fourth-order sensor with over 100x sensitivity enhancement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Quantum Physics
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Exceptional points (EPs) offer potential for orders-of-magnitude enhancement in optical sensing sensitivity.
    • Higher-order EPs in non-Hermitian systems present more complex physics for further sensitivity boosts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the response order of high-order non-Hermitian systems.
    • Provide a design guideline for creating sensors with high response order.
    • Propose and demonstrate a novel optical sensor with a fourth-order response.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of high-order non-Hermitian systems.
    • Development of a design rule for high response order.
    • Experimental demonstration of a fourth-order optical sensor.
    • Characterization of sensor properties and wavelength splitting.

    Main Results:

    • A fourth-order optical sensor was designed and demonstrated.
    • Four resonant wavelengths collapsed at a high-order exceptional point.
    • A fourth-root relationship was established between wavelength splitting and perturbation amplitude.
    • A sensitivity enhancement factor exceeding 100 was observed compared to traditional sensors.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed design guideline enables the creation of high-order response optical sensors.
    • The demonstrated fourth-order sensor exhibits significant sensitivity enhancement.
    • High-order EPs are a promising avenue for advancing optical sensing technology.