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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Strong-Field Physics

    Background:

    • Interpretation of strong-field phenomena relies on classical electron trajectories.
    • Visualizing electron trajectories in high harmonic generation (HHG) is typically theoretical.
    • Current methods use time-frequency spectrograms of dipole acceleration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel method for direct reconstruction of the HHG time-frequency spectrogram.
    • To enable experimental access for tracing electron dynamics in strong-field phenomena.
    • To bridge the gap between theoretical analysis and experimental observation of electron trajectories.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a time-delayed probe XUV (X-ray ultraviolet) pulse.
    • Developed analytical theory to model the XUV-assisted HHG process.
    • Performed ab initio numerical simulations to validate the theoretical model.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that XUV-assisted HHG yield directly reconstructs the HHG time-frequency spectrogram.
    • Showed that the yield mimics the short-time Fourier transform of the dipole acceleration.
    • Confirmed the feasibility of in-situ experimental access to electron dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method provides a direct experimental pathway to visualize electron trajectories.
    • This technique offers unprecedented insight into electron dynamics during strong-field interactions.
    • Opens new avenues for experimental investigation of nonlinear laser-matter interactions.