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    This study introduces a novel method for engineering the depth-of-field (DOF) in optical imaging systems. The technique allows for multiple, separated in-focus intervals and lateral image shifting, enhancing imaging capabilities with a single camera shot.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Computational Imaging
    • Diffractive Optics

    Background:

    • Extending depth-of-field (DOF) while preserving other imaging properties is a long-standing challenge in optical systems.
    • Existing methods primarily focus on simple DOF extension, limiting flexibility in imaging complex scenes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a general technique for engineering the DOF beyond simple extension, enabling multiple, separated in-focus intervals.
    • To introduce controlled lateral image shifting for different subvolumes to prevent image overlap.
    • To demonstrate real-time DOF engineering using a spatial light modulator.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a coded aperture imaging system utilizing three diffractive elements: a quadratic phase element for the start point, a quartic phase element for the end point, and a quasi-random coded phase mask for reconstruction.
    • Designed the coded aperture by combining diffractive elements with specific phase coefficients to control axial reconstruction curves.
    • Implemented the diffractive elements on a spatial light modulator for dynamic, real-time DOF adjustments.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully engineered the DOF to include one or several separated intervals with controlled start and end points.
    • Achieved simultaneous sharp imaging of objects within distinct, separated subvolumes.
    • Demonstrated lateral image shifting for each subvolume, mitigating mutual image hiding.
    • Verified the technique through experimental imaging of various scenes with a single camera shot.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DOF engineering technique offers unprecedented control over imaging depth and spatial arrangement.
    • This method significantly enhances optical imaging capabilities, particularly for complex scenes requiring focus across multiple, separated regions.
    • The real-time, adaptable nature of the system opens new possibilities in various imaging applications.