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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics and Metamaterials
    • Antenna Theory and Design
    • Wireless Communication Systems

    Background:

    • Programmable reflective metasurfaces integrate reconfigurable phased array antennas and reflectors, crucial for radar and modern communications.
    • Existing active metasurfaces often exhibit limited tunability, restricted to specific frequency bands, hindering broader applicability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel programmable metasurface featuring multi-bit phase quantization and dual-band operational capabilities.
    • To overcome the frequency-specific limitations of current active metasurface technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of two PIN diodes per radiating element, controlled by biasing voltage, to enable active control of diverse functions.
    • Fabrication of the unit cell and experimental characterization using a waveguide measurement setup.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed metasurface successfully achieves multi-bit phase quantization and dual-band operation.
    • Experimental validation confirms the functionality of the designed unit cell.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed programmable metasurface offers enhanced functionality for radar and communication systems.
    • Potential applications include advanced imaging and high-capacity wireless communication systems.