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Fixation and Sectioning

Fixation and Sectioning

Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Tandem High-pressure Freezing and Quick Freeze Substitution of Plant Tissues for Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Published on: October 13, 2014

Frozen Section Quality Assurance.

Joseph M Laakman¹, Stephanie J Chen¹, Kim S Lake

¹Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

|March 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing frozen section turnaround times by separating technical and interpretive components reveals specific delays. This approach helps identify inefficiencies in slide preparation and diagnostic interpretation for laboratory process improvement.

Keywords:

Frozen section Quality improvement Turnaround time

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Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

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Published on: October 13, 2014

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Area of Science:

Pathology
Laboratory Medicine
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Composite frozen section turnaround time is a limited metric for process evaluation.
Key components like slide preparation (technical) and diagnosis (interpretation) are not individually assessed.
Identifying delays in these specific processes is crucial for optimizing frozen section workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the value of measuring technical and interpretive times separately for frozen sections.
To identify specific sources of delay within the frozen section process.
To hypothesize that longer times relate to technical inefficiencies or diagnostic challenges.

Main Methods:

Determined technical and interpretive times for 1,992 frozen section specimens from 2017.
Sorted data by surgical specialty for trend identification.
Calculated mean and quartile times, including specimens with multiple blocks.

Main Results:

Technical times were significantly longer than interpretive times.
Specialty grouping revealed trends and specific challenges.
Identified technical issues (e.g., overdissection) and interpretation delays (e.g., neoplasms, margins).

Conclusions:

Measuring technical and interpretive times separately aids frozen section assessment.
Subcategorization by specialty enables targeted process improvement.
This granular analysis facilitates case isolation for laboratory workflow optimization.