Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

8.5K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
8.5K
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

2.8K
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
2.8K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

4.4K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
4.4K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

39.6K
Overview
39.6K
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

3.7K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
3.7K
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

6.9K
The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Super-barcoding of four Agrimonia species distributed in Korea based on complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNAs.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Demographic and behavioral correlation of red ginseng consumption in Korea.

Integrative medicine research·2026
Same author

Establishment of ITS-Derived Species-Specific PCR Assay Method for Discriminating Herbal Medicine Descurainiae Semen from Its Commercial Adulterants.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

PCR-Based Molecular Authentication Method for Sources of Agrimoniae Herba via Comparative Analyses of Complete Chloroplast Genomes.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Melatonin Ameliorates Desiccation Stress-Induced Ocular Inflammation in an In Vitro Model by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway.

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine·2025
Same author

Anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects of Sopoongsan on atopic or seborrheic dermatitis: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial and translational research using in vitro and in vivo models.

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing
09:02

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing

Published on: June 9, 2017

23.8K

Enhanced Nrf2 up-regulation by extracellular basic pH in a human skin equivalent system.

Gunhyuk Park1, Byeong Cheol Moon1, Dal-Seok Oh2

  • 1Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, Korea.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|March 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular basic pH activates the Nrf2 antioxidant system in skin, aiding wound healing and combating skin aging. This suggests pH-regulating materials could be key for healthy skin maintenance.

Keywords:
3D human skin equivalent systemkeratinocyte growth factornuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2pH

More Related Videos

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
10:05

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Published on: May 8, 2020

2.1K
In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model
06:40

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

Published on: November 17, 2018

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing
09:02

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing

Published on: June 9, 2017

23.8K
Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
10:05

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Published on: May 8, 2020

2.1K
In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model
06:40

In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Murine Wound Model

Published on: November 17, 2018

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and skin biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Wound healing research

Background:

  • Extracellular basic pH influences wound healing and skin condition.
  • Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) play roles in skin's antioxidant systems.
  • The impact of extracellular basic pH on skin damage from aging or wounds remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how extracellular basic pH affects antioxidant systems in a 3D human skin equivalent (3HSE).
  • To explore the interplay between pH, KGF, and Nrf2 in regulating skin's oxidative defense.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D human skin equivalent (3HSE) model.
  • Assessed changes in KGF expression, Nrf2 activation, and oxidative defense systems under extracellular basic pH conditions.
  • Examined the effects of combined extracellular basic pH and KGF treatment.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular basic pH reduced KGF expression but enhanced the oxidative defense system by activating Nrf2 in 3HSE.
  • Both extracellular basic pH and KGF treatment upregulated Nrf2 activation and its control over the oxidative defense system.
  • Nrf2 activation was primarily driven by reactive oxygen species and extracellular basic pH, rather than KGF.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular basic pH plays a significant role in activating skin's Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense, independent of KGF.
  • Modulating skin pH and KGF offers potential therapeutic avenues for mitigating skin damage.
  • Developing pH-regulating materials could be a promising strategy for maintaining skin health and preventing age-related damage.