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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in various...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Allergic Rhinitis and Sinusitis.

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Changes in foot volume and capillary fragility during continuous cold exposure and starvation.

Technical report, CP. Quartermaster Research & Development Center (U.S.). Chemicals and Plastics Division·2014
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Insect sting allergy with negative venom skin test responses.

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Allergen immunotherapy: therapeutic vaccines for allergic diseases. World Health Organization. American academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology·1998
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Immunotherapy: past and present.

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The efficacy of slow versus faster inhalation of cromolyn sodium in protecting against allergen challenge in patients with asthma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
16:56

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Immunotherapy for nasal allergy.

P S Norman1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21239.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy effectively treats allergic rhinitis from common pollens. Treatment requires adequate dosage and continued boosters for sustained symptom relief and specific immune changes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Allergy Research
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis affects millions globally, often triggered by seasonal pollens.
  • Current treatments focus on symptom management, with immunotherapy offering disease-modifying potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
  • To understand the immunologic mechanisms underlying immunotherapy's clinical benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of controlled studies on immunotherapy for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes, dosage requirements, and relapse patterns.
  • Assessment of specific immunologic responses, including antibody levels and cellular reactions.

Main Results:

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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  • Immunotherapy demonstrates effectiveness for allergies to grasses, ragweed, mountain cedar, and birch.
  • Clinical improvement is dose-dependent and requires ongoing maintenance therapy.
  • Specific immunologic changes include increased blocking IgG, reduced IgE, and blunted lymphocyte responses.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy is a viable treatment for specific pollen allergies.
  • Adequate dosage and sustained treatment are crucial for long-term efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate effects on late-phase inflammatory reactions.