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Gut-derived acetate promotes B10 cells with antiinflammatory effects
C I Daïen1,2,3,4, J Tan1,2,5, R Audo1,2,3,4
1Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
JCI Insight
|March 17, 2021
Summary
The short-chain fatty acid acetate promotes regulatory B cells (B10 cells) crucial for immune tolerance. Dietary fiber intake increases B10 cells, suggesting acetate as a therapeutic for autoimmune diseases.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiome research
- Metabolic pathways
Background:
- Autoimmune diseases involve a loss of immune tolerance, influenced by environmental factors.
- Acetate, a gut microbial fermentation product of dietary fiber, supports anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of acetate on IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells).
- To explore the mechanisms underlying acetate's influence on B10 cell differentiation.
- To assess the potential of acetate as a therapeutic agent for noncommunicable diseases.
Main Methods:
- In vivo and in vitro studies using mouse B1a cells.
- Analysis of metabolic changes including acetyl-coenzyme A production, TCA cycle activity, and lysine acetylation.
- Studies on human blood cells.
- Correlation analysis between dietary fiber supplementation and B10 cell counts in healthy individuals.
Main Results:
- Acetate directly promoted B10 cell differentiation in mice.
- Acetate's effects were mediated by increased acetyl-coenzyme A, fueling the TCA cycle and promoting lysine acetylation.
- Similar mechanisms were observed in human blood cells.
- Dietary fiber supplementation correlated with increased blood-derived B10 cells in humans.
Conclusions:
- Acetate enhances B10 cell differentiation through metabolic reprogramming.
- Dietary acetate or acetate-producing interventions may restore B10 cell function.
- This offers a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and noncommunicable diseases.
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