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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Overview of Fungi01:29

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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
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Fungal sensing skin.

Andrew Adamatzky1, Antoni Gandia2, Alessandro Chiolerio3,4

  • 1Unconventional Computing Laboratory, UWE, Bristol, UK. andrew.adamatzky@uwe.ac.uk.

Fungal Biology and Biotechnology
|March 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that fungal skin, a living material, can sense and respond to mechanical and optical stimuli. This demonstrates its potential as an intelligent, adaptive material for future architecture and robotics.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsFungiSensingSensorial fusionSoft robotics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Mycology
  • Robotics Engineering

Background:

  • Fungal skin is a living, flexible material derived from filamentous fungi.
  • It holds potential for applications in adaptive architecture and as sensing skins for soft robotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensory capabilities of fungal skin.
  • To determine if fungal skin can recognize external stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental laboratory studies were conducted.
  • Fungal skin samples were subjected to mechanical (weight loading/unloading) and optical (illumination changes) stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Fungal skin demonstrated the ability to recognize mechanical and optical stimulation.
  • Distinct reactions were observed in response to weight application/removal and light changes.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides the first experimental evidence of fungal materials acting as intelligent skins.
  • Fungal skins can recognize external stimuli and perform sensorial fusion, expanding their utility beyond structural roles.