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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
12:09

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation

Published on: August 10, 2022

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Blastocyst-like structures generated from human pluripotent stem cells.

Leqian Yu1,2, Yulei Wei1,3,4, Jialei Duan5

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Nature
|March 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed human blastoids from pluripotent stem cells, creating a model for early human development. These blastoid structures mimic human blastocysts, aiding research into embryogenesis and pregnancy disorders.

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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Studying human embryogenesis is limited by restricted access to embryos.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells offer an in vitro model for developmental studies.
  • Existing models do not fully represent the pre-implantation human blastocyst stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model of the pre-implantation human blastocyst using pluripotent stem cells.
  • To create a scalable and perturbable system for studying early human development.
  • To investigate factors influencing blastocyst formation and early developmental defects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized naive human pluripotent stem cells in a three-dimensional culture system.
  • Employed successive lineage differentiation and self-organization to form blastocyst-like structures.
  • Characterized structures using morphology, cell counting, lineage allocation, and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Generated 'human blastoids' resembling human blastocysts in morphology, size, cell number, and cell lineage composition.
  • Demonstrated transcriptomic similarity between human blastoids and blastocysts via single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • Showed human blastoids can be used for stem cell derivation and further development into peri-implantation structures.

Conclusions:

  • Human blastoids provide a viable in vitro model for studying early human development and blastocyst formation.
  • This model facilitates research into early pregnancy disorders and developmental defects.
  • Specific protein kinase C isozymes were identified as critical for blastoid cavity formation.