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Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

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The Developing Human Connectome Project: typical and disrupted perinatal functional connectivity.

Michael Eyre¹, Sean P Fitzgibbon², Judit Ciarrusta^1,3

¹Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology

|March 18, 2021

Summary

This study maps brain connectivity in infants, finding primary networks are mature at term-equivalent age. Preterm birth significantly disrupts functional connectivity, impacting brain development.

Keywords:

brain development functional connectivity neonatology neuroanatomy resting-state connectivity

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

The Developing Human Connectome Project provides novel neonatal functional MRI data.
Understanding the ontogeny of human brain organization is crucial for early development.
Resting state networks (RSNs) are key to mapping intrinsic functional connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the maturation and integrity of RSNs in infants at term-equivalent age.
To investigate the effects of postmenstrual age, sex, and preterm birth on brain connectivity.
To provide a framework for studying early brain development and disruptions.

Main Methods:

Group independent component analysis was applied to functional MRI data from 337 infants.
Analysis defined 11 RSNs in term-born infants and assessed maturation from 37-43.5 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).
Subject-level datasets were regressed against group-level RSNs to identify effects of age, sex, and preterm birth.

Main Results:

Adult-like topography was observed in primary sensorimotor, visual, and auditory RSNs at term-equivalent age.
Functional connectivity showed positive associations with age in four of six association RSNs.
Preterm birth was linked to widespread, dose-dependent impairments in functional connectivity across all RSNs.

Conclusions:

A robust, modular, and symmetrical functional brain organization is present at normal term age.
Primary RSNs are established early, with association RSNs showing emerging connectivity, following a primary-to-higher order developmental sequence.
Preterm birth significantly disrupts early functional connectivity, highlighting potential mechanisms for developmental disorders.