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Adverse childhood experiences among justice-involved youth: Data-driven recommendations for action using the
Johanna B Folk1, Kathleen Kemp2, Allison Yurasek3
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco.
The American Psychologist
|March 18, 2021
Summary
Justice-involved youth frequently experience adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), significantly impacting their behavioral health and legal outcomes. This review highlights the need for trauma-informed juvenile justice reforms to address these critical issues.
Area of Science:
- Juvenile Justice
- Child Psychology
- Trauma-Informed Care
Background:
- Justice-involved youth exhibit high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).
- These experiences increase the need for behavioral health treatment and risk for continued justice system involvement.
- There is a lack of comprehensive literature reviews on ACEs' impact on justice-involved youth to guide reform.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on the impact of ACEs on justice-involved youth.
- To offer recommendations for data-driven interventions within the Sequential Intercept Model.
- To guide trauma-informed juvenile justice reform efforts.
Main Methods:
- Systematic scoping review of 40 articles examining ACEs in justice-involved youth.
- Included 8 unique studies, with 38% being longitudinal or prospective analyses.
- No intervention studies were identified.
Main Results:
- ACEs are highly prevalent among justice-involved youth.
- Significant associations exist between ACEs and various outcomes, including delinquency, psychiatric issues, and substance use.
- Identified outcomes also included academic performance and pregnancy.
Conclusions:
- Findings underscore the need for clinical services targeting youth dysregulation and aggression.
- Recommendations include training law enforcement in trauma-responsive practices.
- System-level changes, such as early intervention upon ACE documentation, are crucial.
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