Cognitive Performance in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: At Risk or Impaired?

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Clinical Neurology
• Cognitive Science

Background:

• Cognitive impairment (CI) affects a significant portion of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, necessitating early detection for preventive strategies.
• The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is a valuable screening tool for CI in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of CI in MS patients.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of BICAMS as a screening test for identifying patients at risk of CI.

Main Methods:

• 82 mild relapsing-remitting MS patients (EDSS ≤ 3.5) were assessed over one year.
• Patients with one altered BICAMS test were categorized as 'at risk' and underwent further neuropsychological assessment.

Main Results:

• 23% of patients had CI, and 25% were identified as 'at risk'.
• The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was the most frequently compromised cognitive domain.
• CI was associated with higher EDSS scores (≥ 2.5), lower education levels, and recent relapses.

Conclusions:

• CI is a significant concern in MS patients.
• Integrating screening tests like the SDMT into routine clinical practice can aid in early identification of at-risk patients.
• Early identification facilitates prompt therapeutic interventions to manage cognitive decline.