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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase-field-simplified lattice Boltzmann method for modeling solid-liquid phase change.

Z Chen1,2, C Shu2, L M Yang2

  • 1Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.

Physical Review. E
|March 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new phase-field-simplified lattice Boltzmann method (PF-SLBM) models solid-liquid phase change in pure materials. This approach combines simplified lattice Boltzmann method (SLBM) for flow and phase-field for interface tracking, offering enhanced stability and flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Solid-liquid phase change phenomena are crucial in various scientific and engineering fields.
  • Accurate modeling of phase transitions requires robust methods for handling fluid flow and interface dynamics.
  • Traditional methods face challenges with complex geometries and numerical stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel computational method for simulating solid-liquid phase change in pure materials.
  • To integrate the strengths of the simplified lattice Boltzmann method (SLBM) and the phase-field approach.
  • To address limitations of existing models in terms of computational cost, boundary treatment, and interface representation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Phase-Field-Simplified Lattice Boltzmann Method (PF-SLBM) integrating SLBM for fluid dynamics and phase-field for interface tracking.
  • Utilizing SLBM for its efficiency in memory usage, boundary condition handling, and numerical stability.
  • Employing a diffuse interface strategy via the phase-field method for flexible description of complex fluid-solid interfaces.

Main Results:

  • Extensive benchmark tests confirm the accuracy, stability, and effective boundary treatment of the PF-SLBM.
  • The method demonstrates superior performance compared to conventional lattice Boltzmann models for complex flow patterns.
  • Successful application to simulations of partially melted or frozen cavities.

Conclusions:

  • The PF-SLBM is a validated and robust computational tool for solid-liquid phase change problems.
  • The combined approach offers significant advantages for simulating complex phase transition scenarios.
  • The PF-SLBM shows strong potential for practical engineering applications involving phase change materials.