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Masticatory function in children with Down syndrome.

Ana Wintergerst1, Marcela Patricia López-Morales1

  • 1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, México.

Physiology & Behavior
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PubMed
Summary

Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit significantly reduced masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force compared to their peers. These findings highlight potential links between impaired chewing function and feeding difficulties in children with DS.

Keywords:
ChildrenDown syndromeMasticationMasticatory performanceOcclusal force

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Oral Health
  • Developmental Disabilities

Background:

  • Masticatory function is crucial for nutrient intake and overall health.
  • Children with Down syndrome (DS) often present with oral motor challenges that may impact chewing.
  • Limited research exists on the specific masticatory capabilities of children with DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force in children aged 8-10 years with and without Down syndrome.
  • To identify potential correlations between Down syndrome and reduced chewing efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 8 children with DS and a reference group of 32 children without DS.
  • Masticatory performance assessed using artificial test food (Optosil Comfort®) to determine medium particle size after 20 cycles and at swallowing threshold.
  • Maximum occlusal force measured on first permanent molars using a portable transducer.
  • Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney tests and regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Children with DS showed significantly larger medium particle size (44% after 20 cycles, 75% at swallowing threshold) indicating poorer masticatory performance (p<.05).
  • Median maximum occlusal force was substantially lower in children with DS (254 kN) compared to controls (499 kN) (p<.001), with DS explaining 48% of the variance.
  • Significant differences in chewing cycle and sequence durations were observed, with large effect sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Children with Down syndrome possess approximately 50% of the masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force of their non-DS peers.
  • These deficits in chewing function may contribute to the feeding problems frequently reported in children with DS.
  • Further research is warranted to explore interventions for improving masticatory function in this population.