[Epidemiology and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Electrophysiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent significant cardiac arrhythmia globally.
• Its incidence and prevalence are rising, affecting 1-4% of the world population.
• Cardiovascular risk factors are strongly associated with AF development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation.
• To highlight the public health implications of AF.
• To discuss the mechanisms underlying AF perpetuation.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological data on AF prevalence and incidence.
• Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms driving AF.
• Discussion of AF-associated risks, including mortality and stroke.

Main Results:

• AF prevalence is increasing, impacting 1-4% of the global population.
• AF doubles the risk of total mortality and increases stroke risk 4-5 fold.
• Arrhythmogenic foci in pulmonary veins can trigger AF, with cellular and matrix alterations perpetuating persistent AF.

Conclusions:

• Atrial fibrillation represents a significant and growing public health problem.
• Understanding AF pathophysiology is crucial for managing its associated risks.
• Mechanisms involving pulmonary veins, cellular electrophysiology, and matrix remodeling contribute to AF perpetuation.