Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Internal Combustion Engine01:20

Internal Combustion Engine

2.1K
The internal combustion engine is a heat engine that uses the byproducts of combustion as the working fluid instead of using a heat transfer medium to transfer heat. The combustion is done in a way that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or piston to create work. Internal combustion engines can again be categorized into three kinds: (1) spark ignition gasoline engines, most commonly used in automobiles, (2) compression ignition diesel engines that...
2.1K
Escape Velocity01:26

Escape Velocity

5.9K
The escape velocity of an object is defined as the minimum initial velocity that it requires to escape the surface of another object to which it is gravitationally bound and never to return. For example, what would be the minimum velocity at which a satellite should be launched from the Earth's surface such that it just escapes the Earth's gravitational field?
To calculate the escape velocity, it is assumed that no energy is lost to any frictional forces. In practice, a satellite...
5.9K
Simplified Synchronous Machine Model01:30

Simplified Synchronous Machine Model

419
The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
In this model, each generator is connected to a...
419
Otto and Diesel Cycle01:27

Otto and Diesel Cycle

2.6K
An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
2.6K
Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

998
The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...
998
Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

3.3K
A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuronal Dynamics During Isoflurane Induction in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Global excitatory synchrony: Ketamine induces global common-mode excitatory network oscillation by decoupling key interneurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Anesthesia isn't sleep: The neuronal dynamics of immobility in isoflurane-anesthetized C. elegans differ from the activity patterns of previously established sleep-like quiescent states.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Harnessing Light: Girl with a Pulse-ox Earring.

Anesthesiology·2024
Same author

Understanding New Machine Learning Architectures: Practical Generative Artificial Intelligence for Anesthesiologists.

Anesthesiology·2024
Same author

Measures of Information Content during Anesthesia and Emergence in the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous System.

Anesthesiology·2023
Same journal

Perceptions on artificial intelligence among anaesthesia and intensive care professionals: An international survey on attitudes, expectations and needs.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
Same journal

Alert burden when monitoring patients' vital signs continuously at home.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
Same journal

Not all anesthetic techniques fit the questions: editorial fit reflects scientific fit.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
Same journal

Correction: Clinical validation of an adapted Eleveld Model for high‑dose propofol treatments for depression.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
Same journal

Safety and efficacy of distal versus conventional radial artery cannulation for invasive blood pressure monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
Same journal

Data availability and usability of a remote device for vital sign monitoring on general wards and home: a single-center prospective, observational study.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.8K

Emulation of the BIS engine.

Christopher W Connor1,2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, CWN L1, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. cconnor@bwh.harvard.edu.

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
|March 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We successfully emulated the Brain Injury Severity (BIS) monitor

Keywords:
Biomedical engineeringDepth‐of‐anesthesia monitorsEmulationIntraoperative monitoringProcessed EEGSignal encoding

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.4K
Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
04:58

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine

Published on: August 13, 2019

7.8K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.4K
Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Brain Injury Severity (BIS) monitor's operational principles are largely undescribed despite extensive clinical use.
  • Over 3000 academic articles exist, yet the core algorithms remain proprietary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reverse-engineer and emulate the BIS Engine software for deeper analysis.
  • To enable independent execution and study of the BIS algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Forensic disassembly of the BIS A-2000 monitor's motherboard to retrieve the BIS Engine software.
  • Software recreation of the Digital Signal Processor and patching of the Engine code for hardware-independent execution.
  • Testing emulation accuracy using EEG data from a sleeping child and evaluating performance under induced noise.

Main Results:

  • Successful emulation of the BIS Engine with high correlation (R=0.943) to official iterations.
  • Demonstrated that BIS values in sleeping children span a wide dynamic range, including anesthetic-associated values.
  • Observed that additive white noise progressively alters BIS values, causing flattening and elevation.

Conclusions:

  • Emulation replicates BIS Engine behavior, enabling analysis of existing or novel EEG datasets.
  • This approach facilitates the elucidation of the BIS algorithms' mathematical underpinnings.
  • Understanding the algorithms is crucial for investigating the mechanism of anesthetic action.