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The modified Q-cycle: A look back at its development and forward to a functional model.

Antony R Crofts1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, 417 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.

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|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review details the Q-cycle mechanism, focusing on the first and second electron transfers at the Qo-site. A new, testable model for complex turnovers is proposed, integrating recent experimental findings.

Keywords:
Glutamate-295Intermediate state in Qo-site reactionProton-coupled electron transferQ-cyclebc1 complex

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • The Q-cycle is a crucial process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
  • Understanding its mechanism is key to comprehending energy transduction.
  • Recent structural data has significantly advanced molecular perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a personal perspective on the development of Q-cycle research.
  • To review evidence for a proposed mechanism of the first electron transfer at the Qo-site.
  • To develop a comprehensive mechanism for complex turnovers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and experimental evidence.
  • Analysis of structural data.
  • Development of a mechanistic model based on current progress.

Main Results:

  • Compelling evidence supports the proposed model for the first electron transfer at the Qo-site.
  • Controversies surrounding the second electron transfer are revisited, leading to important conclusions.
  • An internally consistent mechanism for complex turnovers is developed.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Q-cycle mechanism, particularly the first electron transfer, is well-supported.
  • A novel, speculative model for complex turnovers offers testable predictions.
  • This work integrates structural insights with mechanistic understanding of electron transfer.