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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Exocytosis00:51

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Exocytosis00:50

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Nucleic acid delivery with extracellular vesicles.

Michaela Schulz-Siegmund1, Achim Aigner2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for delivering nucleic acids, overcoming challenges in stability and cellular uptake. This review explores their potential and applications in preclinical studies for enhanced gene therapy.

Keywords:
AntimiREVHybrid EVsRNA deliverymiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles involved in intercellular communication.
  • EVs mediate molecular information transfer, influencing physiological and pathophysiological processes.
  • Their cargo includes nucleic acids, making them potential delivery vehicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for delivering nucleic acids.
  • To highlight EV properties crucial for nucleic acid delivery and their roles in cellular RNA regulation.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of preclinical in vivo studies using EVs for nucleic acid delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on EV properties, nucleic acid delivery mechanisms, and in vivo studies.
  • Analysis of various EV loading techniques and artificial EV modification strategies.
  • Discussion of EV preparation, characterization, and technical aspects for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • EVs offer a protective environment for nucleic acids, enhancing stability and potentially improving cellular uptake.
  • Preclinical in vivo studies demonstrate the feasibility of using EVs for delivering various nucleic acids/oligonucleotides.
  • Diverse strategies for EV loading, modification, and characterization are being explored to optimize delivery efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles represent a promising platform for nucleic acid delivery, with significant potential in therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into EV loading, modification, and characterization is crucial for advancing their clinical use.
  • Understanding the physiological roles of EVs in RNA transfer is key to harnessing their therapeutic capabilities.