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Retracing Storage Polysaccharide Evolution in Stramenopila.

Malika Chabi1, Marie Leleu1,2, Léa Fermont1

  • 1Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotes store glucose as alpha- or beta-glucan polymers. This study investigates the evolution of these storage polysaccharide pathways in stramenopiles, revealing their metabolic diversity.

Keywords:
CAZyglycogenlaminarinmetabolismpolysaccharidestramenopila

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotes synthesize storage polysaccharides, primarily alpha-glucans (glycogen, starch) or beta-glucans (chrysolaminarins, paramylon).
  • These polymers differ in solubility and crystalline structure, impacting cellular functions like osmotic pressure and glucose accessibility.
  • Glycogen/starch are widespread in unikonts, Archaeplastida, and alveolata, but other lineages exhibit varied glucan accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and evolution of storage polysaccharide metabolism in stramenopiles.
  • To identify key enzymes involved in alpha- and beta-glucan synthesis within this group.
  • To reconstruct the evolutionary history of these metabolic pathways in stramenopiles.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic detection of genes encoding enzymes for alpha- and beta-glucan synthesis.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of identified key enzymes.
  • Correlating enzyme phylogeny with the established phylogeny of Stramenopila.

Main Results:

  • The study infers the presence and types of storage polysaccharide pathways in various stramenopile lineages.
  • Phylogenetic analyses reveal the evolutionary history of these pathways within Stramenopila.
  • The findings shed light on the diversity of glucan metabolism in this eukaryotic supergroup.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of storage polysaccharide metabolism in stramenopiles is complex, with evidence for both alpha- and beta-glucan pathways.
  • The study discusses the potential ancestral role of glycogen metabolism in eukaryotes.
  • It explores the evolutionary pressures that may have led to the replacement of glycogen by beta-glucans in certain lineages.