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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Quasi-steady-state CEST (QUASS CEST) solution improves the accuracy of CEST quantification: QUASS CEST MRI-based

Phillip Zhe Sun1,2

  • 1Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new QUASS CEST MRI method accurately quantifies labile proton fraction ratio (fr) and exchange rate (ksw) by correcting for finite saturation and delay times, improving upon traditional omega plot analysis.

Keywords:
chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)omega plotquantitative CESTquasi-steady-state (QUASS) CEST

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)

Background:

  • Conventional omega plot analysis in CEST MRI assumes long radiofrequency (RF) saturation (Ts) and relaxation delay (Td) times.
  • This assumption can lead to inaccuracies in quantifying the labile proton fraction ratio (fr) and exchange rate (ksw).
  • Accurate quantification of fr and ksw is crucial for various CEST MRI applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a quasi-steady-state (QUASS) CEST analysis that accounts for finite Ts and Td.
  • To determine if QUASS analysis improves the accuracy of CEST MRI quantification compared to conventional methods.
  • To assess the impact of finite Ts and Td on CEST MRI measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled MRI signal evolution using a typical CEST EPI sequence.
  • Derived the QUASS CEST effect from signal relaxation towards thermal equilibrium and CEST steady state.
  • Solved for fr and ksw using simulated conventional apparent CEST and QUASS CEST MRI, validated with phantom experiments.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed conventional methods could underestimate fr by up to 67% and slightly overestimate ksw (3%-15%).
  • QUASS analysis provided accurate fr and ksw determination within 2% across tested Ts and Td.
  • Phantom experiments confirmed QUASS solution's robust quantification superiority over omega plot analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The QUASS CEST MRI algorithm effectively corrects for the influence of finite Ts and Td.
  • This correction enables robust and accurate quantification of fr and ksw in CEST MRI.
  • QUASS analysis offers a significant improvement for CEST MRI quantification accuracy.