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[Actinomycosis in temporal bone. A pediatric case report].

Lucía V Fernández1, Elena Arias2, Daniela Cohen2

  • 1Residencia de Otorrinolaringología Infantil, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. lucifernandez1986@gmail.com.

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|March 22, 2021
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Summary

Actinomycosis, a rare temporal bone infection, requires specific anaerobic bacterial cultures for diagnosis. Prompt surgical intervention alongside prolonged antibiotic treatment can lead to successful patient outcomes.

Keywords:
actinomycosischronic otitis mediamastoidectomymastoiditis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by Gram-positive, filamentous anaerobic bacteria, part of the human commensal flora.
  • These bacteria typically colonize the oropharynx, digestive, genital, and bronchial tracts, but can affect the temporal bone.
  • Diagnosis relies on specific culture conditions and pathological findings, often presenting as necrosis with sulfur granules.

Observation:

  • The study highlights the challenges in diagnosing actinomycosis, particularly in the temporal bone.
  • It emphasizes the need for prolonged anaerobic bacterial cultures and characteristic microscopic findings for accurate identification.
  • A pediatric case involving temporal bone actinomycosis necessitating surgical intervention is presented.

Findings:

  • Successful diagnosis requires specialized techniques due to the anaerobic nature of the bacterium.
  • Microscopic examination reveals key indicators like necrosis, sulfur granules, and filamentous Gram-positive pathogens.
  • The case report underscores the importance of surgical management in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

Implications:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of actinomycosis is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Optimized surgical resection may allow for a shorter duration of antimicrobial therapy.
  • This case contributes to understanding the management of rare actinomycosis infections in the temporal bone, especially in pediatric patients.