Chondrosarcoma of the Temporomandibular Joint: Systematic Review and Survival Analysis of Cases Reported to Date

The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on TMJ chondrosarcomas and to perform a survival analysis of cases reported to date. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA. Two authors performed an electronic search of case reports of TMJ chondrosarcoma published until August 02, 2020. Forty-seven studies reporting 53 cases were included. Chondrosarcomas of the TMJ were more prevalent in women, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Survival curves were significantly associated with histological diagnosis (p = 0.004), reconstructive surgery (p = 0.024), recurrence (p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (p = 0.001). Only distant metastasis was independently associated with survival (p = 0.017). TMJ chondrosarcomas presented with low recurrence and higher survival rates than other chondrosarcomas. Synovial subtype, absence of reconstructive surgery, and presence of local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with poorer prognosis.