Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
03:13

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

2.6K

Christina Massoth1, Alexander Zarbock1, Melanie Meersch1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, Münster 48149, Germany.

Critical Care Clinics
|March 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 40% of patients, leading to high mortality and costs. Current evidence suggests a multimodal approach including risk stratification, biomarker guidance, dexmedetomidine, and care bundles for prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication following cardiac surgery.
  • It significantly increases patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses globally.
  • Despite increasing cardiac surgeries, AKI incidence remains high at approximately 40%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and strategies for preventing and managing cardiac surgery-associated AKI.
  • To highlight effective approaches based on recent clinical evidence and guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical trial evidence.
  • Synthesis of recommendations from expert groups like Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).

Main Results:

  • Effective prevention strategies for cardiac surgery-associated AKI have been challenging to establish.
  • Current evidence supports a multimodal approach for managing high-risk patients.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive strategy involving risk stratification, biomarker-guided management, perioperative dexmedetomidine, and care bundles is recommended.
  • Implementation of these measures may help mitigate the impact of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCardiac surgeryCardiopulmonary bypassIschemia-reperfusion injury

More Related Videos

Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Mice02:45

Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2024

2.1K
Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury10:25

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Published on: August 30, 2011

18.4K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
436
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
127
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
252
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
113
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
401
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
508