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Cancer treatments can cause severe kidney damage, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). This overview details AKI causes in cancer patients, including drug toxicity and tumor lysis syndrome, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injury in cancerCAR-T cell therapyCancer related thrombotic microangiopathyCast nephropathyChemotherapy induced kidney injuryHematopoietic stem cell transplantation induced kidney injurySinusoidal occlusion syndromeTumor lysis syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer chemotherapeutics offer effective treatment but are linked to significant renal toxicities.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in cancer patients, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • AKI in hospitalized cancer patients elevates healthcare costs and prolongs hospital stays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of acute kidney injury in the context of cancer.
  • To detail the various causes and types of AKI associated with cancer and its treatments.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of AKI in cancer patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cancer-related acute kidney injury.
  • Synthesis of information on diverse AKI etiologies in oncology.
  • Categorization of AKI based on underlying causes: cancer-related and treatment-related.

Main Results:

  • Cancer and its treatments are associated with multiple forms of AKI, including prerenal, tubular, and glomerular diseases.
  • Specific causes discussed include tumor lysis syndrome, anticancer drug nephrotoxicity, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-related AKI.
  • Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy is also a significant contributor to AKI in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Acute kidney injury is a critical complication in cancer care, stemming from both the disease and its therapies.
  • Understanding the diverse causes of AKI is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management in cancer patients.
  • Addressing AKI is crucial for improving outcomes, reducing mortality, and optimizing treatment strategies for individuals with cancer.