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Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer

Published on: April 17, 2012

Expanded Radiosurgery Capabilities Utilizing Gamma Knife Icon™.

Jameson T Mendel¹, Samuel Schroeder², Aaron Plitt³

¹Radiation Oncology, Rio Grande Urology, Dallas, USA.

|March 24, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Gamma Knife Icon™ (GK Icon™) offers frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial lesions. This novel technology enhances treatment efficiency and volume, providing a guide for its clinical implementation.

Keywords:

gamma knife icon stereotactic radiosurgery stereotactic radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Radiation Oncology
Medical Technology

Background:

Intracranial lesion treatment is advancing with new technologies.
The Gamma Knife Icon™ (GK Icon™) is Elekta's latest system for stereotactic radiosurgery.
It offers a frameless approach, complementing traditional framed treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the initial clinical experience with the frameless GK Icon™ system.
To provide guidance for implementing this novel radiosurgery technology.
To highlight the impact of frameless GK Icon™ on treatment volume.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 382 patients treated with frameless stereotactic radiotherapy.
Utilized the GK Icon™ system for treating 3,213 intracranial lesions.
Included diverse diagnoses such as brain metastases, meningiomas, and AVMs.

Main Results:

Significant increase in daily treatment volume (nearly 50%) on a single GK Icon™ machine.
Successful treatment of a wide spectrum of intracranial pathologies.
Demonstrated the feasibility of frameless stereotactic radiosurgery.

Conclusions:

The frameless GK Icon™ system enhances treatment capacity and precision.
Clinical implementation requires understanding the system's specific intricacies.
This initial experience serves as a practical guide for adopting the technology.